GIT Commands reference for DevOps Engineer

Dear DevOps Engineer!! this post is full of experimenting with git commands running most of them on the 'Git Bash' window in my laptop. I've collected three things about each git command.
  • git command syntax
  • What this git command will do - short descriptions
  • An example command that I've executed
  • Screenshot of that command execution

How do I Start a Fresh repository in Git CLI(local repo)?

You need to create a folder where you would like to start your coding project. The code can be web-site related where you can have multiple directories involved such as HTML files into a folder, all images to be used in the website in a folder, CSS files into a folder, etc. First, make the folder structure for you project then at the root of the project need to initialize the project.  To create empty repo or re-initializing a repo

Syntax :
git init
Note: It is always better to have a fresh directory created and then run the above command to initialize a local Git repository.

git init example



Getting a remote repository to your git client - Local system/Laptop

You can have the remote repository either public or private teams on the following SCM clouds:
  1. GitHub 
  2. GitLab
  3. BitBucket

git clone Syntax:

git clone ssh://git@github.com/[username]/[repository-name].git

Create a local copy of a remote repository of GitHub or Gitlab. Make sure that you're doing first time in that folder, it should not have the same repo that means if your re-run the same command it cannot work.




Please make sure you have the correct access rights and the remote repository exists

Example of using gitlab URL:
 git clone https://github.com/BhavaniShekhar/vtdevops2021feb.git
Vybhava : git clone 


How to commit code?
The git commit command will help us to store the changes into the local repository. If you have to repository cloned or forked to your project you can do the required changes as per your feature or enhancements. After using git add we will use git commit it always requires a message that can be two parts - title and description. Mostly from the CLI commit command will be used single message. 
  • The commit message must follow few rules - it should not exceed 72 chars. 
  • The message always talks about why this commit - purpose we need to mention
  • This message should be in presentence - Not past tense nor feature tense
  •  Bug fix message must include the bug number/JIRA ticket
Syntax:
git commit -m "[commit message]"
commit changes

Example:
git commit -m "adds sample python code"


Syntax:
git checkout -b [branch name origin/[branch name]

Clone a remote branch and switch to it
Example:
git checkout -b feature2
Differences between git checkout & switch command

Syntax:
git checkout [branch name]

Switch to a branch
Example:
git checkout
git checkout command
Syntax :
git checkout -

Switch to the branch last checked out
Example :
git checkout -
git last checkout command
Syntax:
git checkout -- [file-name.txt]

Discard changes to a file on which you are worked recently.
Example:

Syntax:
git push origin [branch name]

push to a branch to your remote repository
 Example:
git push origin slave
git push command
Syntax:
git push -u origin [branch name]

push changes to remote repository (and remember the branch)
Example:
git push -u origin feature1
git push origin command
Syntax:
git push

push changes to remote repository (remembered branch)
Example:
git push
git push command 
Syntax:
git push origin --delete [branch name]

delete a remote branch
 Example:
git push origin --delete feature3
git remote branch delete oush command

git pull command

Syntax:
git pull origin [branch name]

update local repository to the newest commit
Example:
git pull
git pull command

pull changes from remote repository Example:
git pull origin newbranch2

git remote

Syntax:
git remote add origin ssh://git@github.com/[username]/[repository-name].git
    or
 git remote set-url origin ssh://git@github.com/[username]/[repository-name].git

add a remote repository Example 1:
git remote add origin git@gitlab.com:gitops4/docker-exercises.git

set a repository's origin branch to ssh Example 2:
git remote set-url origin git@gitlab.com:gitops4/docker-exercises.git

git log

The syntax for the git log command is:
git log [--summary] [--oneline]


view changes
Example:
git log

git log command
view changes made to files or directory in (detailed)
Example:
    git log --summary
git log summary command
view changes(briefly)
Example:
    git log --oneline
git log oneline command
Syntax:
git diff [source branch] [target branch]

preview changes before merging 

References: 
 Git log command examples https://www.thegeekstuff.com/2014/04/git-log/

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